Multispectral imaging

Multispectral imaging captures image data within specific wavelength ranges across the electromagnetic spectrum. The wavelengths may be separated by filters or detected with the use of instruments that are sensitive to particular wavelengths, including light from frequencies beyond the visible light range. It can allow extraction of additional information the human eye fails to capture with its visible receptors for red, green and blue.

It was originally developed for military target identification and reconnaissance.
Early space-based imaging platforms incorporated multispectral imaging technology to map details of the Earth related to coastal boundaries, vegetation, and landforms.
Multispectral imaging has also found use in document and painting analysis.

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Source: Wikipedia · Image: Wikimedia Commons · Public domain